Padra serum facilities and equipment based on cGMP include:

  1.The Padra Serum team’s unique technical knowledge has resulted in the optimal production of antivenom compared to other manufacturers.
     2.Serpentarium for breeding all types of Iranian poisonous snakes and scorpions along with milking their venom.
     3.Quality control laboratories
     4.Plasma refinery factory
     5.Stables for horses used in anti-venom production
     6.Animal laboratory to house laboratory animals needed for antivenom analysis
Padra serum facilities & equipment based on cGMP include:
1.The Padra Serum team’s unique technical knowledge has resulted in the optimal production of antivenom compared to other manufacturers.
2.Serpentarium for breeding all types of Iranian poisonous snakes and scorpions along with milking their venom.
3.Quality control laboratories
4.Plasma refinery factory
5.Stables for horses used in anti-venom production
6.Animal laboratory to house laboratory animals needed for antivenom analysis
Padra Serum’s Laboratories:
Padra Serum is equipped with 3 laboratories, which include the following:
  • Pharmaceutical laboratory for final product quality control based on WHO and IR-FDO regulations
  • Veterinary laboratory to monitor serological and biochemical animals’ health before and during immunization and blood collection
  • Biochemical laboratory for venom fractionation, venom quality control and antigen preparation

Quality Control Laboratory

Veterinary Laboratory

Biochemical Laboratory

Refinery Plant: 

The Refinery Plant Annual capacity of the refinery plant is 10,000 litres of immunized plasma which results in more than 500,000 immunosera vials. The refinery plant is designed to carry out purification safely and minimize the chance of cross-contamination between pre-viral-treatment steps product and post-treatment product. The production line is fully enclosed and temperature controlled which is specified for low pH and caprylic acid treatment.

Refinery Plant: 

The Refinery Plant Annual capacity of the refinery plant is 10,000 litres of immunized plasma which results in more than 500,000 immunosera vials. The refinery plant is designed to carry out purification safely and minimize the chance of cross-contamination between pre-viral-treatment steps product and post-treatment product. The production line is fully enclosed and temperature controlled which is specified for low pH and caprylic acid treatment.

Padra Serum’s Technical Knowledge:

Compared to other antivenom manufacturers in Iran’s pharmaceutical market, Padra Serum Alborz has made optimizations regarding the production of antivenom, which includes the following:
1) Venom fractionation instead of raw venom: Venoms contain different types of proteins and other molecules. All these molecules stimulate the horse’s immune system and lead to the production of desired and unwanted IgGs. Unwanted molecules are removed by breaking down the venom.
2) Caprylic acid Precipitation instead of ammonium sulphate: Ammonium sulphate precipitation protocol leads to the recovery of antibodies between 40% and 50% and protein aggregation formation. The final product from this method contains a relatively high proportion of contaminating proteins such as albumin. However, caprylic acid deposition makes it possible to produce antivenoms with relatively high purity. What is more, protein aggregation formation is less than the previous method and the antibodies’ recovery in caprylic protocol may reach from 60% to 75%.
3) Virus inactivation and removal confirmation: A main concern revolving around plasma-derived medicinal products is viral contamination. Padra Serum’s Production Department uses two techniques for viral inactivation (Acid pH treatment and caprylic acid treatment) as well as nanofiltration, which is specially designed to remove viruses.

Padra Serum’s Technical Knowledge:

Compared to other antivenom manufacturers in Iran’s pharmaceutical market, Padra Serum Alborz has made optimizations regarding the production of antivenom, which includes the following:
1) Venom fractionation instead of raw venom: Venoms contain different types of proteins and other molecules. All these molecules stimulate the horse’s immune system and lead to the production of desired and unwanted IgGs. Unwanted molecules are removed by breaking down the venom.
2) Caprylic acid Precipitation instead of ammonium sulphate: Ammonium sulphate precipitation protocol leads to the recovery of antibodies between 40% and 50% and protein aggregation formation. The final product from this method contains a relatively high proportion of contaminating proteins such as albumin. However, caprylic acid deposition makes it possible to produce antivenoms with relatively high purity. What is more, protein aggregation formation is less than the previous method and the antibodies’ recovery in caprylic protocol may reach from 60% to 75%.
3) Virus inactivation and removal confirmation: A main concern revolving around plasma-derived medicinal products is viral contamination. Padra Serum’s Production Department uses two techniques for viral inactivation (Acid pH treatment and caprylic acid treatment) as well as nanofiltration, which is specially designed to remove viruses.

Farm Plant:
Padra Serum’s farm has 3 stables for housing up to 100 horses. Blood collecting station is provided by a capacity of 7 horses in each blood collecting time.

Serpentarium:
In Padra Serum’s Serpentarium, which is a separate building on the farm and is completely protected and controlled; all Iranian poisonous snakes and scorpions’ species are farmed and bred.

Farm Plant:
Padra Serum’s farm has 3 stables for housing up to 100 horses. Blood collecting station is provided by a capacity of 7 horses in each blood collecting time.
Serpentarium:
In Padra Serum’s Serpentarium, which is a separate building on the farm and is completely protected and controlled; all Iranian poisonous snakes and scorpions’ species are farmed and bred.
To Find out More …
To Contact Us:
Manufacturing Company (Refinery Plant) Address: 
No. 110, Bahman St, Karafarinan Blvd., Sepehr Industrial Area, NazarAbad, Alborz
Central Office Address: 
No. 201, 2nd Floor, Biotechnology Development Center building, National Research Institute of Genetic Engineering, Pajouhesh Blvd., Hamdani [Hakim] HWY, Tehran